Bioremediation Uncovered: A systematic Review on how Nature Fights Pollution

Authors- Mr. Saransh Nigam, Dr. Adarsh Keshari, Dr. Hansika Rajoria, Ms. Mahin Sajid, Mr. Srinivas Pedapolu, Mr. Abhishek Katiyar

Abstract-Bioremediation is a promising approach for the remediation of polluted environments, utilizing the natural abilities of microorganisms to degrade or transform toxic pollutants into less harmful or inert substances. This review provides an overview of bioremediation, including its types, microorganisms relevant to bioremediation, advantages and disadvantages, and conclusion. Bioremediation can be categorized into two main types: in situ and ex situ. In situ bioremediation involves treating contaminated soil and groundwater at the site of pollution, while ex situ bioremediation involves treating contaminated materials in a controlled environment outside the site of pollution. Different microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and algae, have been utilized in bioremediation for the degradation of various pollutants, including hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and pesticides. The advantages of bioremediation include its cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and the potential for complete degradation of pollutants. However, some of the disadvantages of bioremediation include the need for suitable environmental conditions, limited availability of microorganisms for some pollutants, and the potential for the formation of harmful by-products during degradation. In conclusion, bioremediation is a promising approach for the remediation of polluted environments, offering several advantages over conventional remediation methods. However, further research is needed to optimize bioremediation strategies, increase the availability of microorganisms for various pollutants, and address potential drawbacks and limitations of the technology.

DOI: /10.61463/ijset.vol.12.issue6.337