Power Losses In Transformer And Transmission Lines

Authors: Professor P.E.Pawar, Mr.Sumit Patole, Mr.Ramchandra Karennavar, Mr.Pushkar Kulkarni, Mr.viraj Raskar, Mr.Sourabh Bhosale, Mr.Sangram Patil, Mr.Indrajeet Salunkhe, Mr.Rahid Shaikh, Mr.Madgonda Pargond

Abstract: This research comprehensively examines the persistent issue of energy losses in transmission and distribution (T&D) systems, which pose a significant challenge to the efficiency and reliability of electrical power delivery. Losses are broadly divided into technical losses— originating from physical and electrical characteristics of the grid infrastructure—and non- technical losses, which are largely administrative or socio-political in nature. To address these issues, the study introduces a globally adaptable statistical model that predicts loss behaviour based on economic indicators (GDP per capita), socio-political factors (corruption index), geographical characteristics, ambient climate conditions, and the structural organization of the electrical grid. On the technical side, the study evaluates the impact of reactive power on transmission efficiency and explores the effectiveness of capacitor-based compensation methods for loss mitigation. The integration of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and smart metering technologies allows for a more granular and synchronized analysis of power flows, enhancing the real-time detection and classification of loss types, including Joule losses, corona discharge, and insulation leakage. The proposed methodologies offer a holistic and scalable approach to minimizing power losses, improving grid stability, and guiding policy decisions in both developed and developing regions. The findings provide a robust framework for engineers, system operators, and policymakers aiming to modernize electrical infrastructure and promote sustainable energy practices.

DOI: 10.61463/ijset.vol.13.issue3.194