International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Richeal Chinaeche Ijeoma, Elendu Victor Odu
Abstract: Electrical power system surges represent a significant challenge in both residential and industrial settings, affecting the reliability and safety of electrical networks. This paper examines the fundamental causes of electrical surges, the potential effects on power systems and sensitive equipment, and various mitigation strategies aimed at preventing surge-induced damages. With the increasing reliance on sophisticated electronics and the growing complexity of power systems, understanding the dynamics of surges is crucial for engineers and utility operators to maintain power quality. A Resistor-Inductor-Capacitor (RLC) circuit, Telegrapher’s Equation, Double-Exponential Function, and Laplace Transform were used as modelling techniques. Conclusively, connecting surge absorbers and surge diverters in parallel is the preferred method for enhancing the performance and reliability of a surge protection system and by adopting a multi-layered protection strategy including Surge Protection Devices (SPDs), proper grounding, and advanced monitoring technologies, power systems can maintain reliability and protect both equipment and infrastructure from surge-induced damage. As electrical systems continue to evolve, integrating smarter, more predictive technologies will further enhance surge protection and ensure the continued resilience of the power grid.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15797841
