International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Dr. Rishabh Bhardwaj, Sapna Verma
Abstract: Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force across industries, yet its conventional synthetic processes often pose environmental risks. In response, green chemistry principles have guided the development of eco-friendly nanomaterials that offer biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and sustainable performance. This paper explores the synthesis of such nanomaterials via green routes—biological, chemical, and physical—alongside their diverse applications in healthcare, agriculture, environmental remediation, and packaging. By adopting a "Safe and Sustainable by Design" (SSbD) framework, and embracing life-cycle thinking, the potential for responsible innovation in nanoscience becomes both achievable and scalable. The review also addresses current challenges in reproducibility and regulatory acceptance, and proposes future directions for eco-friendly nanotechnology.
