International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Mangalleima Moirangthem, Rocky Thokchom, Potsangbam Kumar Singh
Abstract: Cymbidium, or boat orchids, are among the most commercially and ornamentally valuable genera in the Orchidaceae family, native to tropical and subtropical Asia. Threatened by habitat loss and overexploitation, their conservation and propagation have increasingly relied on in vitro cloning techniques. Micropropagation enables rapid multiplication of elite genotypes and supports both commercial cultivation and ex situ conservation. This review explores key methodologies in Cymbidium micropropagation, including explant selection, media optimization, plant growth regulators (PGRs) combinations, somatic embryogenesis, and protocorm-like body (PLB) formation. Explants such as shoot tips and PLBs show high regeneration potential, while media like Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Knudson C are tailored for specific developmental stages. Cytokinins (BAP, TDZ) and auxins (IAA, IBA, NAA) regulate shoot and root induction, with activated charcoal enhancing rooting efficiency. Acclimatization bridges the gap between in vitro and natural environments, improving survival rates through gradual exposure and humidity control. Asymbiotic seed germination using nutrient-rich media and organic additives facilitates propagation without fungal symbionts. Genetic fidelity is assessed using RAPD and ISSR markers, with direct organogenesis preferred for clonal stability. Challenges such as browning, contamination, and low rooting efficiency persist, but recent advances—including Temporary Immersion Bioreactors, synthetic seed technology, and genetic transformation—have improved propagation outcomes. Genomic studies further support targeted breeding and trait enhancement. Micropropagation plays a vital role in Cymbidium conservation, enabling mass propagation and reintroduction of threatened species. Integration with cryopreservation and collaboration with botanical institutions ensures sustainable conservation strategies.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17710935
