International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Rashmi Jain
Abstract: Cloud computing has emerged as a foundational pillar of modern information technology by enabling scalable, flexible, and cost-efficient access to computing resources. This review synthesizes current research to analyze the evolution of cloud computing, its underlying enabling technologies, and the core deployment and service models that define contemporary cloud architectures. The paper further examines major industry applications across sectors such as enterprise IT, healthcare, education, finance, and smart-city systems, highlighting how cloud adoption accelerates digital transformation. Key security, privacy, and governance challenges—including data protection, access control, and multi-tenant risks—are critically evaluated to identify persistent research gaps. Additionally, emerging trends such as edge–cloud integration, serverless computing, artificial intelligence–driven cloud services, and cloud-native development are discussed for their potential to reshape future IT ecosystems. Overall, this review demonstrates that cloud computing continues to be a transformative force, driving innovation, operational agility, and sustainable technological advancement across the information technology landscape.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17814606
