Volume 4 Issue 4: 2016 | International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology

1. Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Powder Supplementation on Quality Characteristics of Wheat- Oat Composite Bread

Authors- ¹Summaya, ²Dorcus Masih, ³Chitra Sonkar

Affiliation- ¹M.Tech Food Tech, Department of Food Process Engineering, VSAET, Sam Higginbottom Institution of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad-211007, UP, India.Email:summiiqbal@gmail.com

²Assistant Professor, Department of Food Process Engineering, VSAET, Sam Higginbottom Institution of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad-211007, UP, India.Email: dorcus_1234@rediffmail.com

³Assistant Professor, Department of Food Process Engineering, VSAET, Sam Higginbottom Institution of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad-211007, UP, India. Email:chitra.esther@gmail.com

DDI – 10.2348/ijset07160551

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract- The effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of composite bread was determined. Bread was prepared from varying proportions of 100%, 94:5, 93:5, 89:10, 88:5, wheat -oat composite flour supplemented with 0%, 1% and 2%, Moringa oleifera leaf powder. The bread samples were allowed to cool at ambient temperature (30˚C ± 1˚C) and analyzed for some physical properties, proximate composition, and sensory attributes. Moringa leaf powder addition significantly increased the fibre (2.80% to 4.0%), ash (1.00% to 1.48%), protein (8.7% to 12.8%), and ether extract (1.20% to 3.2%), while decreasing moisture content (39.30% to 32.71%). Moringa leaf powder supplementation also significantly decreased the loaf volume, weight loss, loaf height and specific loaf volume from 452.4 to 365.77 cm³, 18.78 to 15.21 g, 5.76 to 3.53 cm and 4.51 to 3.65 cm³ /g respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that although there was significantly improvement in nutritional composition, the acceptability of all bread samples decreased with increasing level of Moringa supplementation. The samples with the ratio of 94%Wheat flour 5%Oat flour and 1%Moringa leaf powder was more acceptable according to sensory evaluation.

Keywords: Bread; Moringa Leaf Powder; Composite flour; Supplementation

2. Response of RC Structure Exposed to Explosion

Authors- ¹Muhammed Hasil, ²Dr. Abhay Sharma

Affiliation- ¹M.Tech Scholar in Structural Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Email: hasilanchal@gmail.com

²Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Email: abhaybpl17@yahoo.co.in

DDI – 10.2348/ijset07160557

Abstract- The effect of blast loads on buildings is a serious matter that should be taken into consideration in the design process. Although these attacks are unprecedented, man-made disasters (terrorist attacks) and blast loads are dynamic loads that should be precisely calculated just like earthquake and wind loads. In order to ensure the loss of life and property in the buildings that caries National importance. In this study, I’ve analyzed the effects caused by blast loads and to find how to reduce the effects by different methods such as shear wall and steel bracing using ETAB 2015, and from my studies, I conclude that the shear wall around the structure helped immensely in resisting the blast loads than any other alternatives.

Keywords: Multi-storey RC buildings, Blast Load, storey, Non-linear analysis, displacements, and storey drifts, etc.

3. Elimination of Salt and Pepper Noise from Images Using Advanced Technology

Authors- ¹Brijnandan Chaturvedi, ²Vipin Kumar Gupta

Affiliation- ¹M.Tech Scholar in DWCE, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India, Email: bchaturvedi24@gmail.com

²Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India, Email: vipinsbcet@gmail.com

DDI – 10.2348/ijset07160563

Abstract- During the transmission some undesirable signals are added so that image pixels are misleading these inaccurate pixel values are known as noisy pixels. There are various noise are existing in the atmosphere like salt and pepper noise, impulse noise, Gaussian Noise etc. These Noisy pixels are eliminate using different type of algorithm like median filter, adaptive median filter, weighted median filter for eliminate the pepper and salt noise .These filters are recuperate pixels without rescind the image quality. Nonlinear digital filter is a best resolution for removing the salt and pepper noise from the image. The procedure of median filter is that eliminate noisy signal and undesirable signal without damaging any corner of the image .Median filter is functioning for low densities for the reason that at higher the image will be imprecise and impairment. Corrupted images will be accepted and Median filter are appropriate for low noise margin but it’s not appropriate for higher Noise Margin. Median filter is exhausting for conditioner pattern for ready the intensity elimination to the noisy signal from image then the result between the corrupted and uncorrected pixels will be preceding for removing noise using nonlinear filtering at extremely desirable’s in image. The method of adaptive median filter is to recognize the noisy pixels interchange by using the median filters where residual should be unaffected. In adaptive median filter using only for elimination of pixels at low level. Adaptive median filter is providing the large window size at high level noise it is not to fit the pixels. You can also say decision based and switching system. A (WMF) weighted median filter is best for high noise level.

4. Effect of Glass Powder on Various Properties of Concrete

Authors- ¹Bharat Nagar, ²Prof V. P. Bhargava

Affiliation- ¹Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Jagannath University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA, Email: bharat.nagar@jagannathuniversity.org

²Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Jagannath University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA, Email: ved.prakash@jagannathuniversity.org

DDI – 10.2348/ijset07160567

Abstract- Concrete is used as the major material in construction industries. As the population of world increase rapidly, worlds faces the problem for habitation and waste by- product. As the waste is proportional to the population and there are restriction of natural resources used in concrete , this construction industry need some attention to used some other material so that they can be mix in concrete to get the new product which physical properties are same as the conventional one.

Every year there is several tons of glasses created all over the world. Glass can be re-used as a fine raw material and it presents an option to save natural and non-renewable materials. The use of glass powder in concrete production can make the construction industry more ecological.

In this research an attempt is taken to bring into play the waste glass in various proportions so that the final product property of concrete mixture is same as the control mix. Waste glass powder was replace with fine aggregate in various percentages such as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50%. Reference concrete mix is also made for comparative reasons.

Keywords: Concrete, non-renewable, Waste glass powder

5. Structural Behavior of Building Frame under Pattern Loading

Authors- ¹Sameer Ansari, ²Vivek Garg

Affiliation- ¹M.Tech Scholar in Structural Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Email: ansarisameer18@gmail.com

²Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Email: vivek_garg5@yahoo.co.in

DDI – 10.2348/ijset07160574

Abstract- The uses of multi-storey buildings have become a common scene in the modern world. The analysis, design and construction processes have been idealized through various building design codes and design philosophies. Buildings are designed to withstand all the loads that may occur with a certain degree of probability through its lifetime. Different categories of loads have been classified by codes in accordance with their properties. Among all the loads imposed load has the property of translating from one span to the other forming different patterns of loading. In present study, the member forces of a building have been investigated by using conventional loading (i.e. all span loading) and pattern loading (i.e. 6 patterns of loading) to determine the necessity of pattern loading. A G+3 storey, 3 bay frame has been analyzed using STAAD Pro software. The use of pattern loading has given higher values of bending moment by up to 23 % for beam members as compared to conventional loading. The effect of pattern loading is felt more on interior beam members as compared with the exterior beam members of the same floor, also it is observed that pattern loading effects the top floors interior beam the most as compared with any other beam member. The effect of pattern loading is more on beam sagging moment as compared to hogging moment. In case of columns pattern loading gives considerably higher values of bending moment for interior column members with reversals in sign.

Keywords: Imposed load, conventional loading, pattern loading, STAAD Pro etc.

6.Development and Quality Evaluation of Beetroot Powder Incorporated Yogurt

Authors- ¹Manoja Yadav, ²Dorcus Masih, ³Chitra Sonkar

³Assistant Professor, Department of Food Process Engineering, VSAET, Sam Higginbottom Institution of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad-211007, UP, India. Email:chitra.esther@gmail.com

DDI – 10.2348/ijset07160582

Abstract- Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) was pulped and dehydrated to get the powder. Yoghurt was formulated and flavored with prepared beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) powder at different concentration levels (0, 6, 8 and 10%). Milk is a rich source of proteins, vitamins, minerals as well as many short and medium chain fatty acids. Milk has better digestibility, lower allergenicity and suitable for those who suffer from lactose intolerance. Considering those health benefits, current study was carried out to produce a buffalo milk yogurt and identify the plausibility use of beetroot powder. Yogurt samples were stored at 4^°C and physicochemical evaluation was conducted for 7 days at the interval of one days. To evaluate the effect of above powder addition, chemical evaluation such as moisture content, fat content, ash content, protein content, carbohydrate content, acidity and pH were carried out. Shelf life study was done by microbiological analysis. Sensory analysis for color, taste, aroma, consistency, flavor, and overall acceptability was carried out according to the 9 point hedonic scale. The results showed that, the moisture content of prepared yogurts decreased from 80.46% to 75.45% .The pH and acidity of prepared yogurts was increased from 4.6 to 5.4 and 2.1 to 4.8% respectively. Protein, carbohydrate, Ash and fat content increased with increase in concentration of beetroot powder from 4.49 to 4.57%, 10.15 to 13.58%, 0.92 t00.98%, 2.24 to 2.47% respectively. The gradual increase in the bacterial count was observed during storage of yogurt at 4˚C. The overall sensory quality of prepared yogurt was rated as good to very good. Yogurt with 8% beetroot powder was liked in all sensory attributes. It was observed that there was increase in sensory scores of beetroot powder added yogurt.

Keywords: Buffalo milk, Plain yogurt, Beetroot powder incorporated yogurt.

7. Effect of Osmotic Dehydration on Quality Characteristics of Chikoo Slices

Authors- ¹Afrin Fatima, ²A. A. Mishra, ³R. N. Shukla, ⁴Mehnaza Manzoor

Affiliation- Department of Food Process Engineering, VSAET, Sam Higginbottom Institution of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad-211007, UP, India.

DDI – 10.2348/ijset07160587

Abstract- Osmotic dehydration of Chikoo for partial removal of water by immersing fruit slices in sucrose solution was carried out in order to study the effect of process parameters such as concentration and temperature of osmotic agent on quality characteristics of the fruit. Chikoo slices were osmotically dehydrated by immersing 30, 40 and 50ᵒ Brix sucrose solution at 30, 40 and 50 ᵒ C temperature for one hour. After dehydration, Chikoo were dried under 20 W microwave powers. To evaluate the effect of above mentioned parameter physico-chemical evaluation such as dehydration ratio, rehydration ratio, moisture content, titratable acidity, pH, Browning and Vitamin C content were carried out. Sensory analysis was carried out according to the 9 point hedonic scale. The physicochemical analysis of the dehydrated Chikoo suggested that increasing concentration and treatment temperature resulted in increased dehydration ratio. The quality analysis showed that the acidity of fruit shifted towards neutrality, vitamin C content and the extent of browning decreased as the concentration of osmotic solution and treatment temperature increased.

Keywords: Chikoo, osmotic dehydration, quality analysis

8. Analysis of Tensegrity Tower using Staad.Pro

Authors- Shashank Jain, Shubham Narula, Shivam Garg

Affiliation- ¹Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology, Guna, (M.P.), Email: shashankmay23@gmail.com

²Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology, Guna, (M.P.), Email: shubham.narula@gmail.com

³Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology, Guna, (M.P.), Email: shivamgarg019@gmail.com

DDI – 10.2348/ijset07160591

Abstract- Tensegrity is a portmanteau of tensional integrity. It refers to the integrity of structures as being based in a synergy between balanced tension and compression components. Tensegrity structures are built of struts and cables. The struts can resist compressive force and the cables cannot. Most cable–strut configurations which one might conceive are not in equilibrium, and if actually constructed will collapse to a different shape. Only cable–strut configurations in a stable equilibrium will be called tensegrity structures. If well designed, the application of forces to a tensegrity structure will deform it into a slightly different shape in a way that supports the applied forces. Tensegrity structures are very special cases of trusses, where members are assigned special functions. Some members are always in tension and others are always in compression. A tensegrity structure’s struts cannot be attached to each other through joints that impart torques. The end of a strut can be attached to cables or ball jointed to other struts.

Keywords: Tensegrity, Structure, Staad.Pro, Analysis, Bamboo, Jute, Joints

E-Commerce In Reducing Operational Cost: A Comprehensive Study

Authors: Anjanappa. T

Abstract: The rapid evolution of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has fundamentally reshaped the global business environment, offering organizations unparalleled opportunities to reduce operational costs while simultaneously enhancing efficiency, flexibility, and customer satisfaction. Unlike traditional business models, e-commerce leverages digital platforms to minimize expenses associated with physical infrastructure, inventory management, marketing, supply chain coordination, and transaction processing. Through automation, digitization, and data-driven decision-making, firms can optimize their resource allocation and achieve significant cost savings, enabling them to remain competitive in increasingly dynamic markets. However, these advantages are not without limitations. The adoption of e-commerce introduces new challenges, including heightened cyber security risks, technological dependency, logistical complexities, and issues of digital inequality that disproportionately affect small and medium enterprises and developing economies. This dual nature underscores the need for organizations to carefully balance cost reduction strategies with long-term resilience and sustainability. This paper explores the role of e-commerce in reducing operational costs, analyzing its importance, merits, and demerits, while also reviewing recent technological and managerial developments shaping its impact. Furthermore, the study highlights the broader implications of e-commerce adoption for global competitiveness and sustainable business practices, offering insights for organizations, policymakers, and future research in the digital economy.

From Proprietary To Open: The Migration Path From AIX To Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Authors: Sambasiva Rao Madamanchi

Abstract: University of Illinois, Springfield, UISThe migration from proprietary operating systems such as IBM's AIX to open-source alternatives like Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is an increasingly strategic path for modern enterprises seeking agility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. This transition is driven by factors such as declining AIX vendor support, high operational costs, and the expanding ecosystem of Linux. Migrating to RHEL delivers long-term benefits including reduced total cost of ownership, enhanced security, modernized infrastructure, and access to a thriving open-source community. However, such migrations involve detailed assessment, planning, and execution to address technical and business challenges specific to AIX workloads. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the migration journey starting from critical infrastructure analysis, application compatibility, risk assessment, strategic planning, to migration implementation. It also highlights both the hurdles and best practices needed for successful re-platforming from the proprietary UNIX environment of AIX to the open, standardized landscape of RHEL. Ultimately, this transformation not only reduces dependence on proprietary systems but also fosters modernization and innovation in enterprise IT ecosystems.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17189669

Unlocking Your Data’s Full Potential: A Practical Guide To QlikView Development And Data Modeling

Authors: Armaan Yusuf

Abstract: Business Intelligence (BI) has become a cornerstone of modern organizations, enabling data-driven decision-making across industries. QlikView, a leading BI platform, offers a powerful combination of interactive dashboards, associative in-memory data models, and advanced ETL capabilities. This review article provides a practical guide to QlikView development and data modeling, focusing on best practices, performance optimization, and actionable insights. It explores the QlikView architecture, including its associative model and visualization features, and emphasizes the importance of effective data modeling through star and snowflake schemas, synthetic key management, and optimized load scripts. The article details the development lifecycle, from requirement gathering and ETL implementation to dashboard design, testing, and validation. Performance optimization techniques, such as data model refinement, expression tuning, and scalability strategies, are discussed to ensure responsive and efficient dashboards. Advanced features, including set analysis, variables, triggers, and integration with external tools like R and Python, enable sophisticated analytics and predictive insights. Industry case studies in finance, healthcare, and retail illustrate practical applications and the impact of QlikView on operational efficiency and strategic decision-making. The review also addresses common challenges, mitigation strategies, and emerging trends such as AI-driven analytics, cloud deployment, real-time dashboards, and natural language querying. By adhering to best practices and leveraging advanced features, organizations can maximize the value of QlikView, transforming raw data into actionable intelligence and fostering a culture of informed, proactive decision-making.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17277809

Mastering QlikView And Qlik Sense: A Comprehensive Guide To Data Visualization And Advanced Analysis

Authors: Maria D’Souza

Abstract: The evolution of business intelligence (BI) has shifted organizations from static reporting to interactive, self-service analytics, enabling data-driven decision-making at all levels. QlikView and Qlik Sense, as leading BI platforms, leverage in-memory associative engines, advanced data modeling, and interactive dashboards to deliver rapid insights across diverse datasets. This review explores comprehensive strategies for mastering Qlik BI, focusing on data visualization, advanced analysis techniques, performance optimization, and best practices for dashboard design. It examines the architectural principles of Qlik platforms, including efficient ETL processes, schema selection, and handling of synthetic keys and circular references, which are critical for maintaining high responsiveness. The article further discusses advanced analytical capabilities such as set analysis, predictive modeling, and AI-assisted insights, demonstrating how these features enhance decision-making in industries including finance, healthcare, retail, and supply chain. Challenges such as data quality, user adoption, and scalability are identified, alongside mitigation strategies involving governance, scripting best practices, and server tuning. Future trends, including cloud and hybrid deployments, real-time streaming, augmented analytics, and mobile BI, are also considered, emphasizing their impact on the next generation of intelligent dashboards. By consolidating these insights, the review provides BI developers, analysts, and enterprise decision-makers with a practical framework for optimizing Qlik BI implementations, ensuring actionable, reliable, and high-performance dashboards that drive organizational efficiency and strategic advantage.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17278009

From Raw Data To Insight: A Deep Dive Into Qlik Sense And QlikView’s Powerful ETL Capabilities

Authors: Fatima Zoya

Abstract: The increasing volume and complexity of enterprise data necessitate efficient ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes to convert raw information into actionable insights. QlikView and Qlik Sense provide robust ETL capabilities that address diverse organizational needs, from controlled, IT-driven workflows to agile, self-service data preparation. QlikView excels in script-based transformations, in-memory processing, and integration across multiple data sources, making it ideal for guided analytics and legacy environments. Qlik Sense enhances ETL through cloud-native architecture, AI-assisted data transformations, real-time streaming integration, and intuitive self-service tools, enabling business users to participate in data workflows while maintaining governance and security. Both platforms integrate with data lakes, warehouses, and cloud services, supporting scalable, reliable, and high-performance analytics pipelines. This review examines Qlik’s ETL architecture, advanced features, industry applications, best practices, and challenges, providing insights into leveraging these tools to establish efficient, data-driven enterprise environments.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17278043

Scalable Data Pipelines For Banking Operations: Cloud-Native Architectures And Regulatory-Aware Workflows

Authors: Sudhir Vishnubhatla

Abstract: The acceleration of digital banking during the first half of the 2010s placed unprecedented demands on enterprise data pipelines. Transaction volumes grew exponentially, regulatory oversight became stricter, and customer expectations for instant services reshaped operational priorities. Legacy batch-oriented Extract–Transform–Load (ETL) systems, once adequate for daily reconciliation and reporting, increasingly failed to meet the requirements of low latency, horizontal scalability, and embedded compliance. By 2016, the convergence of distributed open-source frameworks such as Apache Kafka, Spark Streaming, and Flink with early cloud-native services such as Amazon Kinesis, AWS Lambda, and Google Cloud Dataflow made it possible to design a new generation of resilient and modular pipelines. This article situates these developments in the context of banking, a domain that uniquely balances throughput efficiency with legal and regulatory obligations. By synthesizing case evidence and architectural advances prior to mid-2016, it proposes a reference architecture that unites ingestion, processing, orchestration, and compliance within a cloud-native design

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/17297958