International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: A. Naresh, A. Sahithi, Sk. Naziya, D. Priyanka, B. Navya
Abstract: Modern intelligent transportation systems rely heavily on precise and efficient vehicle tracking to enable real-time monitoring, traffic management, and theft prevention. However, conventional GPS-based solutions often face limitations in areas with weak satellite coverage, high signal obstruction, or increased installation and maintenance costs. Existing alternatives, such as IoT-based hardware systems and Blockchain-enabled tracking, attempt to overcome these drawbacks but still suffer from higher latency, moderate channel utilization, communication overhead, and restricted location accuracy in dense urban settings. To address these challenges, this research proposed a GPS-Free Vehicle Tracking System that leverages GSM modules and cell tower triangulation for accurate and cost-effective vehicle positioning. The methodology incorporates triangulation algorithms that calculate vehicle coordinates using the signal strengths of multiple nearby towers, while an optimized channel allocation strategy ensures low collision rate, reduced transmission delay, and high request processing accuracy. Performance evaluation demonstrates that the proposed model consistently outperforms IoT Hardware and Blockchain & IoV approaches across all major metrics. Specifically, the system achieves an overall accuracy of 96.4%, precision of 95.9%, and F1-score of 96.2%, while maintaining the lowest transmission delay (1.3s) and collision rate (1.0). Furthermore, vehicle location tracking accuracy reaches 97.1%, validating the robustness of the triangulation approach in GPS-deficient environments. These results highlight the efficiency, scalability, and dependability of the GPS-Free system, positioning it as a practical and affordable alternative for real-time vehicle monitoring and fleet management applications, especially in regions with inconsistent or absent GPS coverage.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20390055
