Smart Underground Drainage and Gas Monitoring Systems

Authors: Prof. Kiran Khedkar, Vrunda Ghuge, Anjali Choure, Anamika Khawale

Abstract: Urban drainage systems play a critical role in maintaining sanitation and environmental health. However, manual monitoring of underground drainage systems is inefficient and risky due to the presence of toxic gases such as methane (CH₄), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). This paper proposes a smart underground drainage and gas monitoring system using IoT and sensor-based technologies. The system uses gas sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and water level sensors integrated with a microcontroller (NodeMCU/Arduino) to continuously monitor drainage conditions. When hazardous conditions are detected, alerts are sent via GSM along with real-time data updates to cloud platforms. The proposed system improves safety, reduces manual effort, and ensures early detection of blockages and gas leaks.