International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Tanya, Neeru Singh
Abstract: Ecotoxicology is the science of the effects of toxic chemicals on biological organisms, especially at the population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. Pesticides, after surface runoff, enter the aquatic system, causing a hazardous condition in the environment. These agrochemicals have been reported to be highly toxic not only to the fish population but to the other organisms as well, which form the food chain of the ecosystem. The contaminations of water result in various adverse effects on the health of the fish by altering their physiological status. The fungicides cause toxic effects on the biochemical, haematological, genetic, enzymatic, protein, and histological status of the organisms. In the course of this review, an attempt has been made to explain the ill effects of the commonly used fungicides on the different species of fish by rating the toxicity levels of the toxicants. fish metabolism is directly affected by different pesticides. They cause different types of toxicity in fish such as changes in fish behaviour, haematological changes, histopathological disturbances, biochemical modifications, endocrine system disruption, changes in antioxidant defence system and alteration of acetylcholinesterase activity. The judicious use of fungicides must be carried out by the farmers. The use of Biopesticides and natural products must be encouraged to avoid the toxic effect of the fungicides. Biocontrol of the pests must be a wise selection as compared to the use of synthetic agrochemicals. The alternations or changes that this review will cover include the following: alternations or changes that affect the behavior of the fish, such as increased breathing on the surface, tremors on the fins of the fish, gulping of air, irregular swimming, and movement of the operculum; alternations or changes that affect the biochemical characteristics of the fish, such as the damage to the antioxidant defense system of the fish due to the formation of ROS, alterations in the levels of various indicators of oxidative stress.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20681485
