International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Dipak K. Dond, Pushkar D. Khambekar, Kunal S. Gaikwad, Sahil R. Dhatrak
Abstract: The continuous depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the enforcement of stringent emission norms have accelerated the need for sustainable alternatives in compression ignition engines. Biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil (WCO) presents a viable solution by addressing both energy demand and waste disposal concerns. However, its inherent drawbacks—such as higher viscosity and lower calorific value compared to diesel—can negatively influence engine performance and emissions. To overcome these limitations, recent research has focused on enhancing combustion through hydrogen supplementation and nanoparticle additives. Hydrogen, due to its high diffusivity and rapid flame propagation, improves combustion efficiency, while nanoparticles act as catalysts that promote oxidation reactions. Additionally, fuel injection parameters such as pressure, timing, and quantity significantly influence combustion characteristics. This review examines previous studies on WCO biodiesel enhanced with hydrogen and nanoparticles, with emphasis on injection system optimization and its effects on engine performance, combustion behaviour, and emission characteristics.
