International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Pravesh Singh, Sharad Kumar
Abstract: Multiband antennas must provide useful radiation across selected frequency intervals while satisfying size, fabrication, and integration constraints. Fractal geometries offer multiple geometric scales, but additional iterations do not necessarily produce wider bandwidth or higher efficiency. This paper develops a literature-informed design and analysis framework for jointly optimizing radiator shape, overall size, scaling factor, and iteration order. A printed, microstrip-fed fractal monopole is proposed as the initial platform, with Sierpinski-type, Koch-type, and conventional geometries compared under controlled substrate and ground conditions. Analytical examples quantify frequency scaling, geometric path growth, and sensitivity to dimensional and dielectric changes. A constrained multiobjective workflow is formulated to balance impedance coverage, realized gain, efficiency, and occupied area. The analysis shows that a single geometric scaling factor cannot independently place three arbitrarily selected resonance frequencies and that physical miniaturization must be evaluated using the complete antenna structure. The contribution is a reproducible design methodology and calculated feasibility assessment, rather than a validated antenna prototype. Full-wave optimization, fabrication, and measurements remain necessary before performance or network compatibility can be established.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22659611
