Advanced Research Paper On Computer Graphics

Authors: Santosh Kumar Dash

Abstract: Computer graphics has become one of the most influential fields of modern computing, revolutionizing industries such as film, gaming, scientific visualization, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence. This paper explores advanced dimensions of computer graphics, focusing on its evolution, mathematical foundations, rendering pipelines, and the integration of emerging technologies. It begins with a discussion of the historical trajectory from vector graphics to real- time ray tracing and neural rendering. The mathematical underpinnings of graphics—linear algebra, geometry, and numerical methods—are examined as the basis of transformations, modeling, and physical simulation. The rendering pipeline is analyzed through both classical rasterization and physically accurate ray tracing, with emphasis on global illumination and physically based rendering models. Finally, neural rendering techniques highlight the growing convergence between computer vision and graphics, shaping the future of digital image synthesis. This study underscores the balance between computational efficiency, photorealism, and interactivity that defines the frontier of computer graphics research..

DOI: http://doi.org/