International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Guest Faculty Suresh Kumar
Abstract: C₃ crops, which constitute the majority of global staple foods, suffer from intrinsic inefficiencies in photosynthetic carbon fixation due to high rates of photorespiration under current and projected climates. As atmospheric CO₂ rises and temperatures increase, photorespiration losses threaten yield stability and food security. This study proposes the targeted application of CRISPR/Cas genome‐editing tools to introduce key C₄‐like traits into C₃ species, thereby enhancing photosynthetic performance. We outline a multiplexed editing strategy focusing on Rubisco small‐subunit genes (rbcS), light‐harvesting antenna components (psbS), and regulatory elements governing carbon‐concentrating mechanisms. Engineered plants will be evaluated through gas‐exchange measurements, chlorophyll fluorescence assays, and biochemical quantification of Rubisco activity. We anticipate a demonstrable increase in Rubisco carboxylation efficiency (Vₘₐₓ), a reduction in the CO₂ compensation point (Γ*), and improved photon‐use efficiency under high‐light and high‐temperature conditions. Resulting gains in biomass accumulation and grain yield are expected to exceed those of unedited controls by 15–25% under greenhouse conditions. By reducing photorespiratory losses and accelerating carbon assimilation, CRISPR/Cas-edited C₃ crops can contribute to climate-resilient agriculture and bolster global food security. This work establishes a framework for future field trials and guides regulatory pathways for the deployment of next-generation, high-efficiency cultivars.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15827972
