Ecological Consequences of Fluoride-Induced Reproductive Changes in Fish Populations

Authors- Assistant Professor Dr. Rajesh Verma, Research Scholar Shravani Verma

Abstract-Aquatic fluoride contamination is rising, endangering fish and the food chain. High fluoride levels may damage fish endocrine functions, producing reproductive issues, poor fertility, and developmental defects. Reproduction may impact fish population dynamics, species composition, and ecological health. Fluoride’s ecological impacts on fish reproduction represent the intricate interactions between individual physiological changes and community- level consequences. Fluoride-induced reproductive deficiencies may skew sex ratios, delay maturity, and diminish spawning success, lowering fish population resilience. Demographic changes in fish populations effect predator-prey interactions, resource competition, and habitat usage. Many fish species rely on zooplankton and benthic invertebrates, which may drop with fish population density. Trophic imbalances affect energy and nutrient flow. Outcompetement or predation by fluoride contamination may reduce fish biodiversity and homogenize the population. The loss of keystone species or those with specialized ecological services may intensify these effects and destabilize ecosystems. The necessity for rigorous environmental regulations to limit industrial, agricultural, and residential fluoride emissions. Bioremediation, artificial wetlands, and advanced water treatment are required to minimize fluoride. Fish populations and ecological services including water purification, flood control, and habitat for diverse flora and animals are preserved by protecting aquatic ecosystems against fluoride poisoning. To prevent fluoride pollution and safeguard aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem function via proactive monitoring and management.

DOI: /10.61463/ijset.vol.12.issue5.288