International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Rakin Khan
Abstract: While Bell’s theorem is traditionally seen as a total rejection of local classical models in quantum mechanics, this paper argues that such a conclusion relies on the narrow assumption of "joint definiteness." Bell’s derivation requires a single hidden state, λ, to account for all possible measurement outcomes simultaneously, which implies that the measurement apparatus remains microscopically unchanged regardless of its settings. However, because physical instruments are composed of matter, their internal microstates necessarily vary with the chosen settings, meaning the relevant hidden variables are setting-dependent. This physical reality prevents the formation of a global joint probability distribution, placing these types of models outside the mathematical constraints of Bell’s and Fine’s theorems. Consequently, the authors conclude that while Bell’s theorem remains mathematically sound, it only excludes hidden-variable models that ignore the setting-dependent nature of the measuring apparatus, leaving the door open for classical descriptions of physical reality.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20136490
