A Comprehensive Review And Update On Crohns Disease

Authors: Dr. Manchineni Prasada Rao, Dr. V. Rajini, Dr. Y. Narasimha Rao, Shaik Mohammad Yasin

Abstract: In the United States, it is currently estimated that about 1.5 million people suffer from Inflammatory Bowel Disease, causing considerable suffering, mortality and economic loss every year. Yet the cause of IBD is unknown, and until we understand more, prevention or cure will not be possible. There is a lot of variation in the incidence and prevalence of Crohn’s Disease based on geographic region, environment, immigrant population, and ethnic groups. The annual incidence of Crohn’s Diseases in North America is reported to be 3.1–20.2 per 100,000 with a prevalence of 201 per 100,000 population. Based on the epidemiological, genetic and immunological data, Crohn’s Disease is considered to be a heterogeneous disorder with multifactorial etiology in which genetics and environment interact to manifest the disease. Several genes have been studied so for with respect to Crohn’s Disease, but thus far the strong and replicated associations have been identified with NOD2, IL23R and ATG16L1 genes. The risk factors implicated with Crohn’s Disease include smoking, low fiber- high carbohydrate diet, altered microbiome and medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.