International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Karuna Bamel
Abstract: Shrimp is a globally popular seafood, and its cultivation significantly contributes to the sustainability and socioeconomic well-being of shrimp farming communities. However, infectious diseases pose a major challenge to shrimp aquaculture worldwide. This review examines the status of shrimp aquaculture, particularly in India, where an estimated 11.91 lakh hectares across 10 states and union territories are suitable for cultivation, though only about 1.6 lakh hectares are currently utilized. Notably, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal lead in shrimp cultivation land. The article also delves into the socio-economic aspects of shrimp farming, including living standards, occupational status, and women's participation in fisheries. It highlights the shift from agriculture to shrimp farming, often driven by economic benefits and increasing salinity. While shrimp farming has significantly increased farmers' incomes and purchasing power, it has also led to a reduction in livestock raising and tree production. Furthermore, the review discusses the adoption of improved aquaculture practices and the critical role of water quality parameters such as salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, hardness, carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate for optimal shrimp growth and health.
