International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Yevle Pruthviraj Govardhan, Professor Abhishek Popat Bangar, Professor S. B. Bhosale, Professor Karad V. A.
Abstract: Booking cargo takes far more than listing loads. Shippers, carriers, vehicles, routes and time windows all have to fit together under firm rules and cost goals, while many trucks still return empty after delivery. This paper looks at five publications relevant to the problem: a review of the causes of empty miles in freight trucking, a two-part survey of pickup and delivery problems (including vehicle routing with backhauls), a study of dynamic pickup and delivery problems, and a seaport truck-sharing model that matches loads to empty truck slots. Between them they draw on search-and-matching economics, vehicle routing with backhauls, dynamic re-planning and computer-based load matching. The trucking review reports an average empty-mile share of 29% across 54 collected estimates, with matching technology lowering empty-trip shares by 4 to 5 percentage points in some studies. Overall, the papers suggest that no single method suits every platform. A practical smart booking system should pair checked input data and strict hard-constraint enforcement with a feasibility-first, improvement-second matching strategy, optional AI-based prediction, open evaluation and human review. Key open problems are scalability, benchmark coverage, fair evaluation, real-time re-matching, and the risk of accepting a generated match without checking it.
