Design And Synthesis Of Novel Organic Scaffolds For Therapeutic And Industrial Applications

Authors: Janaki Ramarao Kasa, Dr. Chitra Gupta

Abstract: Synthesis and design of novel organic scaffolds has been a key strategy in medicinal chemistry and industrial organic chemistry since the architecture of scaffolds has a strong impact on molecular recognition, physicochemical properties, synthetic accessibility, and the diversity of application. Until January 2016, a large literature base made the contributions of privileged structures, scaffold hopping, diversity-oriented synthesis, natural-product-inspired libraries, and heterocyclic platform molecules in drug discovery and more general industrial applications. The given paper offers a systematic analysis of 60 published works and reviews published prior to January 2016 and discusses the changes in the design of scaffolds in the therapeutic and industrial case. The research is conducted by a qualitative-descriptive review design, as well as utilizing the simple content analysis of the chosen literature based on the frequency. Articles were categorized based on the type of scaffold one used, the synthetic strategy, area of application and functional benefit that was reported. The evaluation indicates that the literature was predominantly occupied by heterocyclic scaffolds based on their synthetic versatility and wide profiles of bioactivity namely indole, quinazole, benzothiazole, triazole, coumarin, oxadiazole, purine, rhodanine, and pyrazole. The natural-product-inspired design and diversity-oriented synthesis were also key to the enlargement of chemical space, and lead generation and scaffold hopping were assisted by privileged scaffold methods. The findings show that therapeutic applications ran high in selected literature particularly anticancer, anti-infective, kinase-targeted and receptor-based discovery application with industrial application being less common though bearing sensing, catalysis, materials as well as process chemistry application relevance. The review finds that scaffold science developed in the pre-2016 era has created a sustainable conceptual and synthetic framework that still manifests itself today in molecular design. Significant trends in methodologies, gaps in research, and opportunities of the future of integrating scaffold efficiency, structural diversity, and functional optimization is also determined in the paper.