International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Hachimenum Nyebuchi Amadi, Richeal Chinaeche Ijeoma, Victor Nneji Chikwendu
Abstract: Direct-current (DC) micro-grids have gained significant relevance in modern power architectures due to their high efficiency, renewable-energy compatibility, and seamless integration with distributed energy resources. However, despite these benefits, the susceptibility of DC systems to rapid fault propagation poses critical operational risks. Effective and intelligent fault-localization mechanisms are therefore essential to minimize damage, reduce downtime, and ensure grid reliability. This study presents the design and simulation of a feedback-based fault localization system for a DC microgrid using Siemens TIA Portal for automation logic development and Proteus Professional for electronic circuit modelling. The method detects abnormal variations in current and voltage along the grid, automatically determining fault location and generating corrective feedback signals for appropriate protection response. Simulation results demonstrate that the system accurately identifies faulted segments in real time and triggers isolation feedback, thereby maintaining system stability and preserving healthy network zones. The developed approach offers a low-cost, scalable, and flexible solution suitable for industrial micro-grids, renewable-driven installations, and DC power distribution networks. Future research may involve hardware prototyping, integration of intelligent diagnostic algorithms, and evaluation under varying load and renewable input conditions.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18428583
