International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Kariola Basira Ogaga, Michael Oghale Ighofiomoni, Omokaro Idama, Friday Elohor Odoh
Abstract: Smart-home systems increasingly combine networked sensors, embedded controllers, software services, and mobile interfaces to make domestic devices observable and controllable. This paper presents the design of a smart home automation architecture with a mobile application and manual controls, emphasising low-cost architecture, responsive control, security-aware messaging, and graceful local operation. The proposed system adopts an ESP32-class controller at the device layer, Wi-Fi connectivity, sensor inputs for temperature/humidity, illumination, motion and gas condition, relay outputs for representative household loads, and a mobile interface for authentication, status monitoring, direct switching, automation rules, alerts, and event history. A layered Internet-of-Things and cyber-physical feedback perspective guided the architecture, while recent user-acceptance literature informed interaction choices such as state visibility, simple device grouping, and explicit manual override. Because physical deployment conditions vary with router quality, mains wiring, sensors, and actuators, the quantitative evaluation reported here is deliberately limited to a reproducible, host-local software-in-the-loop environment rather than field measurements: the command-processing API path and the deterministic automation-rule engine were implemented and exercised, while the ESP32 wiring, sensor mapping, and relay behaviour are specified as a build-ready design that has not yet been physically assembled or timed. Across 880 authenticated API requests covering one-, two-, four-, and eight-device command batches, mean response time ranged from 1.747 to 2.059 ms and the 95th-percentile response time ranged from 2.220 to 2.762 ms, with all requests completing successfully. Six negative API/security checks returned their intended error codes, and thirty deterministic automation-rule tests covering ordinary automation, safety conditions, and manual override all passed. The results demonstrate that the command-validation, authentication, and rule-evaluation logic underlying a mobile-controlled home platform is sound and computationally light, and they establish a reproducible software baseline against which a future hardware-in-the-loop study, connecting the specified ESP32 controller, sensors, and relays, can measure genuine end-to-end response time, energy behaviour, and field reliability.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23363529
