International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: R. Hema Krishna
Abstract: The increasing presence of space debris in Earth’s orbit and the release of harmful chemicals during satellite launches, operations, and re-entry events have raised pressing concerns regarding orbital and terrestrial chemical pollution. Beyond the risk of physical collisions, the degradation of paints, polymers, metallic alloys, and residual propellants in space introduces reactive chemical species into the near-Earth environment. Furthermore, the combustion of re-entering debris contributes oxides, halogenated compounds, and fine particulates to the upper atmosphere, posing risks to ozone chemistry and climate balance. This paper explores integrated strategies to minimize such chemical pollution. Key approaches include the development of green propellants (e.g., ionic liquids, nitrous oxide–based systems), eco-friendly materials with lower degradation potential and surface coatings resistant to atomic oxygen erosion. Policies for passivation of spacecraft and rocket stages to prevent explosive fragmentation, as well as controlled re-entry techniques to limit uncontrolled chemical dispersal, are emphasized. In addition, recycling and active debris removal technologies offer long-term solutions to reducing both physical and chemical impacts. Collaborative international regulations and sustainability frameworks are vital to ensure responsible space practices. By combining material innovation, engineering design, and policy enforcement, these strategies provide a pathway toward mitigating orbital chemical contamination while safeguarding Earth’s atmosphere from the adverse effects of space activities. This Review highlights the Eco-Sustainability in Aerospace- Managing Orbital and Terrestrial Chemical Emissions.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16910573
