International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Navdeep Kumar, Tanvir Singh
Abstract: This research work deals with studying the effect of tool shoulder geometry and welding parameters on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of friction stir welded joints of AA1100 aluminum alloy. Two distinct shoulder geometries—the flat shoulder and the concentric circle shoulder—have been employed in friction stir welding tools. The surface temperature of the nugget zone for every sample was measured using FLIR A320 infrared camera. To assess the material behavior in various welding conditions, the Vicker’s microhardness Test and tensile test was conducted on the cross-sections of welded joints. Results revealed that the concentric circle shoulder tool yields a greater ultimate tensile stress (101.76 MPa) than the flat shoulder tool (92.71 MPa). While the flat shoulder tool produces the maximum yield stress (85.26 MPa) under all sets of welding conditions. Optimal welding and rotating speeds for a concentric circle shoulder tool are 31.5 mm/min and 900 rpm providing the highest ultimate tensile stress and elongation percentage. More ductility is indicated by a high percentage of elongation (19.87) provided by a concentrated circle shoulder tool. In addition, the temperature differential is greater at low rpm (the tool’s rotational speed), and it decreases as rotational speed rises for both tools. Such that the welded joint’s surface temperature rises and falls with increasing and decreasing rotating and welding speeds, respectively. For every set of welding conditions, a concentric circle shoulder tool generates more heat. Good surface appearance and morphology were obtained when using the concentric circle shoulder tool.
