International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Umudi Ese Queen, Oluchukwu B. Chikwe, Ikechukwu S. Chikwe, Chidi Henry, Njor Oru Ogar, Onwugbuta Godpower Chukwuemeka, Okorocha Cyrilgentle Ugochukwu, Success Uchechi Chidebere, Uzogbo Helen Njideka, Chukwunenye Ozioma Rosita
Abstract: The research evaluated how dumpsites affect their surrounding environments. Soil samples from the waste were gathered during both dry and wet seasons, while gaseous pollutants and other field data were measured on-site using portable gas sensors. The concentration levels of CO, H2S, FL, SO2, NO2, and NH3 varied across the seasons, ranging from 1.50 (CTR) to 11.40 (SA), 0.001 (CTR) to 0.0039 (RA), 0.001 (CTR) to 0.0085 (SA), 0.001 (CTR) to 0.039 (SH), BDL (CTR) to 0.0039 (JK), and 0.001 (CTR) to 8.65 (SH) ppm. The levels of particulates, relative humidity, and air temperature near the dumpsites during the seasons were 0.105 (KU) to 19.305 (RA) ppm, 6.35 (AJ) to 77.35 (CTR) %, and 27.25 (CTR) to 38.1000C (RA), respectively. Generally, these levels exceeded standard limits, with a few exceptions. The results for the physical and chemical properties of the refuse waste soils and control samples for both dry and wet seasons showed: pH levels ranging from 7.40 (CTR) to 10.25 (JK) and 6.40 to 9.8 (DA), EC ranging from 0.35 dscm-1 (CTR) to 11.05 dscm-1 (RA) and 0.08 (CTR) to 10.10 dscm-1, cation exchange capacity (CEC) from 33.60 (CTR) to 62.35 Cmol/Kg (KU) and 15.81 (CTR) to 56.01 CmolKg-1 (DA). The NO2-N levels ranged from 0.056 (RA) to 0.530 mg/kg (SH) and 0.035 (CTR) to 0.369 (DA). NO3-N levels ranged from 0.026 to 0.164 mg/kg (SH) and 0.011 (CTR) to 0.113 (DA), SO42- from 1.011 (CTR) to 84.60 (JK) and 2.115 (CTR) to 90.57 mg/Kg (JK), PO33—P from 15.765 to 120.76 (BG) and 28.10 (DA) to 148.76 mg/kg (AJ), Chloride from 1.00 (CTR) to 42.80 (RA) and 0.60 (CTR) to 45.65 mg/kg (RA), organic matter (OM) from 0.425 (CTR) to 11.600 (KU) and 0.110 (CTR) to 14.14% (DA), and CO32- ion from BDL (AJ, CTR, JK, and NTC) to 2.50 (SA) and BDL (AJ, CTR, DA, SH, KU, and PR) to 4.95 % (JK). The results for heavy metals and controls for dry and wet seasons were as follows: Zn levels ranged from 194.15 (CTR) to 1,135.30 (SA) and 115.10 (CTR) to 553.44 (SH) mg/kg. For Pb, the values were between 14.41 (BG) and 77.17 (RA), and from 1.20 (BG) to 5.13 mg/kg (CTR). Cu levels varied from 1.123 (BG) to 899.50 (RA) and 5.90 (BG) to 60.70 mg/kg (JK). Cd ranged from 1.02 (BG) to 3.48 (RA) and 0.72 (CTR) to 2.96 mg/kg (AJ). Hg levels were between 169.60 (JK) and 731.00, and from 33.39 (CTR) to 233.90 mg/kg (BG). The analysis results indicated that the refuse waste soil and air are significantly polluted; therefore, the Kaduna State Environmental Agency (KEPA) should work to reduce hazardous waste generation and provide proper refuse waste disposal facilities.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17471212
