International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Vaidik Savaliya, Dr. Hemangi Desai
Abstract: Cellulose nanocrystasl were isolated from Banana Pseudo Stem, an under-utilized agriculture biomass. Raw Banana stem was collected from Abrama Farm, Kamrej, Surat. Which were then dried in the Hot Air Oven @ 105°C for 6 hours and after cooling and desiccating, crushed in a grinder and sieved to get fine powder particles. The chemical compositions of cellulose nanocrystals from banana stem after each treatment were determined according to Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) standard. The lignin content was determined according to the TAPPI norm T222 om-88. The Hemicellulose content was determined according to the TAPPI T257 om-09. Cellulose content was determined by extracting hemicellulose with the aqueous sodium hydroxide (17.5%) for 5 h before quenching the reaction with ice. The obtained white powder was washed with copious amount of water until filtrate (Whatman Filter Paper No. 42) becoming neutral. Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) was obtained by sulfuric acid hydrolysis according to the reported method. The resultant mixture was first centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 10 min ice-cooling temperature (18°C) to remove large particles, and then centrifuged at 11,000 rpm for 15 min ice-cooling temperature (-15°C) to obtain cellulose nanocrystal. The obtained cellulose nanocrystal was washed and centrifuged repeatedly for 3 times before dialysis against distilled water for 2 days. The obtained CNC was processed by ultrasonic processor (VCX 500:500 W, Sonics & Materials, Newton, CT) to suspension better before further application. The composition of Banana Pseudo Stem found after research experiment was Cellulose – 69.9%, Hemicellulose – 19.6% and Lignin – 5.7%. The chemical pretreatment removed the non-cellulosic constituents of Banana Pseudo Stem was found to be an essential and fundamental procedure for the Cellulose Nanocrystal. The pretreatment process of Banana stem included Alkali Treatment, Delignification and Bleaching Treatment. FEG – TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (HR-TEM) was used to find the size of obtained CNC. The obtained Cellulose Nano Crystal exhibited a different Category of 500 nm, 200 nm, 100 nm, and 1µm. 500 nm scale observe the (331nm, 290 nm and 271nm) diameter size of Cellulose Nano Crystals. 200 nm scale observe the (95.2nm, 87.5nm, 81.6nm, and 67.9nm) diameter size of Cellulose Nano Crystals.
