International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Hamand Srekand, Suman T, Dr. Saravanakumar R
Abstract: This study presents a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) closed-loop speed regulation of a physical DC motor using a LabVIEW-based PID controller. In DC motors, maintaining the desired speed under changing mechanical loading is an important control problem in electromechanical systems, where variations in load torque result in speed deviations and transient disturbances. To overcome these issues, mathematical modelling and software simulation are useful for controller development; experimental evaluation with a hardware setup is necessary to account for practical effects associated with motor dynamics, sensing, actuation, and mechanical loading. An optical quadrature encoder provides real-time shaft speed feedback, and a variable friction brake is employed to introduce controlled mechanical load disturbances. A discrete-time mathematical motor model is incorporated as a supporting simulation tool for controller development and analysis, while the physical DC motor remains the experimental plant. The system is evaluated under various mechanical-load conditions with speed references. Motor-speed response, tracking error, controller output, and actual performance metrics are analysed to assess reference tracking and disturbance-rejection behaviour. The proposed setup provides an experimentally oriented platform for investigating closed-loop DC motor speed regulation under controlled physical loading and establishes a basis for systematic controller tuning, experimental validation, and further development of HIL-based electromechanical control systems.
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