International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Ayush Kumar Yadav, Assistant Professor Anurag Singh
Abstract: The increasing demand for sustainable transportation has accelerated the development of solar-powered electric vehicles; however, the inherent intermittency of solar energy and rapid variations in traction load pose significant challenges in maintaining system stability and efficiency. This paper presents the design and simulation of a battery–supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for improving the dynamic performance of a solar electric vehicle. A novel Adaptive Predictive Droop Control strategy is proposed, which integrates multi-timescale power decomposition with adaptive droop characteristics and predictive correction of load and solar variations. The proposed control dynamically distributes power between the battery and supercapacitor based on system conditions, thereby reducing battery stress and enhancing transient response. A detailed mathematical model of the system components, including battery, supercapacitor, and DC bus dynamics, is developed and implemented in MATLAB. The system is evaluated under multiple operating conditions such as load variations, acceleration, regenerative braking, and solar fluctuations. Simulation results demonstrate improved DC bus voltage stability, reduced battery current peaks, and enhanced system efficiency compared to conventional battery-only systems. The proposed method provides a reliable and efficient solution for next-generation solar electric vehicle energy management.
