International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Avadhut Kumbhar, Akshay Khot
Abstract: Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors (MLCCs) are among the most widely deployed passive components in contemporary electronic systems, supporting applications ranging from consumer electronics to safety- critical automotive platforms. Continuous scaling, cost reduction, and material transitions. Most notably the shift from Precious Metal Electrode (PME) to Base Metal Electrode (BME) technology. This have enabled higher capacitance density and miniaturization while simultaneously introducing new reliability challenges. Historically, capacitor failures have accounted for a significant portion of electronic field failures, and recent trends indicate increasing early-life and wear-out failures even in low-voltage MLCCs. This paper presents an overview of MLCC construction, standardization, and applications, followed by a detailed analysis of dominant failure mechanisms observed in automotive environments. Mitigation strategies and design considerations aligned with automotive reliability standards are also discussed.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18738528
