Takayasu Arteritis In Children And Young Adults: Current Perspectives On Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Monitoring And Management

Authors: Preethi G N, Ashwini Angadi, Janaki R Torvi, Shaista Omer, Adarsh GS

Abstract: Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare chronic granulomatous vasculitis involving the aorta and its major branches. The disease predominantly affects young females and may lead to progressive vascular stenosis, occlusion, aneurysm formation, and ischemic complications. Early diagnosis remains challenging because initial symptoms are often nonspecific and laboratory markers may not accurately reflect disease activity. Advances in imaging techniques, immunosuppressive therapy, biologic agents, and vascular interventions have significantly improved patient outcomes. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, disease monitoring, treatment strategies, and prognosis of Takayasu arteritis, with special emphasis on pediatric disease.