International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Pankaj Kumar, Professor Aparna, Dr. Abha Kumari
Abstract: This paper explores the deployment of a blockchain supported land-registry system in rural Bihar. In light of transparency, fraud mitigation, governance efficiency and digital inclusion, this paper refutes the common assumption that immutability of data results in accurate title. This study employs validated secondary data, from the years 2020-2025, such as the Bihar National Family Health Survey 2019-2021, various official sources of the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme, Bihar land-service portals, and peer-reviewed literature on the intersection of blockchain and land governance. According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5, approximately 84 percent of surveyed households in Bihar were classified as rural, and a majority of the respondents, 79.4 percent of women and 56.4 percent of men, had never used the Internet. The widening of the access gap was examined in the context of the mobile phone ownership and usage, the financial inclusion of women, as well as the self-reported ownership of a house or land. The evidence-weighted readiness assessment determined that the level of digitization was relatively better, but the level of coordination of institutions, governance of cybersecurity, design of correction mechanisms, and design of user participation mechanisms were relatively poor. This paper proposes a permissioned industry consortium ledger, where sensitive data and documents remain off-chain, and the only data recorded on-chain are the hashes, identifiers, approvals, timestamps and version references of the land parcels. Smart contracts are used to manage the workflows from registration to mutation, but are not used to resolve the issues of contested titles, inheritance, or boundaries. This paper proposes an assisted-access model with a phased implementation approach, a multilingual interface, an appeal mechanism, and gender-disaggregated analysis and evaluation. Rather than fabricating field surveys and administrative performance data, this paper presents a complete primary data collection framework with a detailed statistical analysis plan for empirical assessment.
