International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyAuthors: Adasi, Owen Igakuboon
Abstract: Background: Family structure, particularly polygamy, remains a dominant socio-cultural feature in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, its influence on child nutrition and overall health outcomes in local settings like Onna Local Government Area (LGA) requires rigorous empirical evaluation. Objectives: To investigate the socio-economic status of polygamous parents, determine the impact of family size on child nutrition, and identify the health implications of malnutrition among children aged 0–18 years in Onna LGA. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using a multistage sampling technique to select 100 children (and their caregivers) across five administrative wards in Onna LGA. Data were collected using a structured, validated 15-item questionnaire, Impact of Polygamy on the Nutritional Status of Children Questionnaire (IPNSCQ), measured on a 4-point Likert scale (Test-retest reliability r = 0.81). Descriptive statistics using simple percentage analysis were employed to analyze the response patterns. Results: Of the 100 participants, 72% belonged to polygamous families. The socio-economic analysis revealed high rates of parental unemployment (36%) and self-employment/artisanal labor (54%). A significant majority of respondents agreed that low income in polygamous households hinders the provision of a balanced diet (81%) and leads to inter-sibling competition for food (88%). Large family size was strongly associated with inadequate feeding (81%) and routine meal-skipping (90%). Major health consequences identified included low immunity to infectious diseases (88%), emotional instability affecting academic focus (85%), higher risk of physical deformity (81%), and growth stunting (75%). Conclusion: Polygamous family structures compounded by low socio-economic status significantly impair child nutritional security and overall physical and cognitive health in Onna LGA. Targeted community health education, micro-economic policy support, and structural enforcement of family welfare frameworks are recommended.
