International Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyEmbedded Based Estimation of State of Charge of Battery
Authors: 1C. Premkumar, 2 E. Ramya
Affiliation:
1UG Student, Department of Electronics and Electronics Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode district, India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Electronics Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode district, India
Abstract:
Batteries are employed as the source of power in many devices and instruments. In case of supplying DC voltage, batteries are used since DC can be stored in battery. Moreover it is used in portable devices and employed in EV (electric vehicles). Nowadays, the automobiles use the battery as the source of energy. But the charge of the battery will discharge when it is used or it may get self discharge due to certain problem in it. It is essential to know the battery state at any time, so that the device works properly and efficiently. This is termed as “state of charge” referred as SoC. The health of the battery cannot be found by seeing it physically. So it is necessary to develop a method to find it. Herewith, a method is being proposed to determine the SoC of a battery by measuring the battery voltage using the microcontroller by adopting voltage division technique.
Keywords: Batteries, State of Charge, microcontroller
DDI- 10.2348/ijset070219051
6. Design, Development and Analysis of Hinged Arm Suspension by Bondgraph Simulation Technique for Comfort Ride on Vehicle
Authors: 1Manoj Kumar Singh, 2Bharat Raj Singh
Affiliation:
1Research Scholar, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, E-mail: manoj_iit2004@yahoo.co.in, Mob: +91-9452157240
2Director General, School of Management Sciences, Technical Campus, Lucknow, E-mail: brsinghlko@yohoo.com, Mob: +91-9415025825.
Abstract:
This model has then been extended to a hinged arm suspension vehicle car model with two sets of springs and dashpots across the hinge. The model has been successfully compiled showing the logical correctness of the model. A few results have also been obtained more results from the model created can be obtained by giving relevant inputs. The efforts here examine the modeling of automobile suspensions, specially that may be useful in future to bring in active control systems etc..A vehicle car model of a conventional suspension using Bondgraphs has been created first for modeling heave and rocking motion of a car as it passes over a bump on the road. The results are specially obtained for a case where published value is available. Hinged arm suspensions have been around for quite some time. However, they become important for introducing active computerized control of vehicles. It has used a model without active elements but two sets of springs and dashpots. While a successful compilation of the Bondgraph on the software (Symbol Shakti).A more systematic activity can be carried out of study the benefit of the hinged arm suspension under comfort ride a vehicle conditions, through the model created.
Keywords: Comfort ride on vehicle,hinged arm suspension, symbolshakti; bondgraph;
DDI- 10.2348/ijset070219055
7. Crow Search Algorithm Tuned Fuzzy PI Controllers of Multi Source Multi Area Load Frequency Control
Authors: 1Aditya Kumar Nanda, 2Pritish Panda
Affiliation:
1M.Tech EE Student, VSSUT Burla, Email: aditya.nanda007@gmail.com
2M.Tech EE Student, VSSUT Burla, Email: pritishpnd0@gmail.com
Abstract:
As the power demand in the present day changes so does the network is getting more and more complex which results in more interconnected areas with varieties of generation techniques. Automatic load frequency control (LFC) is needed in power system for the sake of stability and reliability. It regulates the power output to maintain the frequency balanced when there is a sudden change in load occurs. This paper introduces a new metaheuristic algorithm known Crow search algorithm (CSA) based Fuzzy-PI controller for the optimal tuning of controller parameters. The power system model is to be considered in this paper is a two area six units type multi source one. Both the areas have a thermal reheat generation, a hydro generation and a gas turbine. The superiority of the proposed controller is compared with differential evolution(DE) and CSA based PID controller taking the settling time (Ts), peak overshoot (Osh) and peak undershoot (Ush) of tie line power and the frequencies of concerned areas.
Index Terms—LFC, Fuzzy-PI, CSA, Area Control Error(ACE)
DDI- 10.2348/ijset070219061
8. A Study of Fractal Dimension of Image
Authors: 1Neha Jha, 2Dr Mandeep Kaur
Affiliation:
1Student member
2Senior member
Abstract:
A Fractal Dimension (FD) deals with irregular shape of any object such as an image, it described as an index for characterizing fractal object by qualifying by the object’s ratio of transformation as the complexity and in detail to transformation in respective scale. The fractal Dimension of image with irregular shape and can be representing the computation of FD via Euclidean dimension sets. There are different types of method of FD and have different application in different area like medical, human physiology, market trends, river networks, urban growth, turbulence etc. FD is widely used for image processing, image compression, image segmentation, image classification.
Index Terms: Fractal, Fractal Dimension, Image Processing, Image Compression, Image Segmentation, Image Classification.
DDI- 10.2348/ijset070219068
Volume 7 Issue 2: 2019
A Study on Smart Agriculture Monitoring Systems Using IoT and Machine Learning Technology
Authors- Assistant Professor Shilpa K, Assistant Professor Dr. V Ganesh Babu
Abstract-Although restricted technology hindered the use of old farming methods, agricultural technology in India has had a tremendous impact on living things. The purpose of this study is to investigate how agricultural practices have changed over time in ancient India. Real-time monitoring and adjustment of system settings to maximize plant growth and support farmers in their job is now possible with smart farming. The current agricultural practices in India have an impact on several Machine Learning (ML) techniques that forecast soil moisture by evaluating unprocessed field data together with variables like humidity and air temperature. These ML models predict soil moisture requirements with accuracy. The study’s main objectives are to evaluate variables such soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and rainfall as well as to discover plant diseases at various phases. With its sophisticated features, machine learning (ML) is a state-of-the-art technology for image analysis and data extraction, improving classification, segmentation, detection, and error-reduction accuracy. This research shows how machine learning (ML) models assist farmers in analyzing massive datasets, enhancing soil quality, and increasing crop yields by using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for model performance evaluation.
DOI: /10.61463/ijset.vol.7.issue2.101
From Monolith To Microservices A Jboss And Tomcat Migration Guide For Cloud Computing
Authors: Rebecca Dias
Abstract: Enterprises running monolithic Java applications on JBoss and Tomcat face increasing challenges in scalability, maintainability, and integration with cloud-native technologies. Microservices architecture offers a modular, flexible alternative that enables independent deployment, improved fault isolation, and operational agility. This review examines strategies for migrating monolithic JBoss and Tomcat applications to microservices, covering code refactoring, containerization, middleware integration, and orchestration in hybrid and cloud environments. It highlights automation through CI/CD pipelines, security and compliance considerations, and monitoring for performance optimization. Case studies from both large enterprises and mid-sized organizations demonstrate practical applications, lessons learned, and business impacts, including operational efficiency, cost optimization, and accelerated innovation. Emerging trends, such as serverless computing, AI-driven DevOps, and evolving middleware ecosystems, are discussed to provide guidance for organizations seeking sustainable and scalable modernization. This article serves as a comprehensive roadmap for IT architects, developers, and enterprise decision-makers pursuing microservices migration and cloud readiness.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17149834
The Hybrid Cloud Playbook A Kickstart Guide To Managing Diverse Operating Systems
Authors: Aravind Menon
Abstract: Hybrid cloud computing enables enterprises to balance scalability, flexibility, and cost-efficiency by integrating private clouds, public clouds, and on-premises infrastructure. Managing diverse operating systems—including Linux distributions, UNIX variants, and Windows Server platforms—presents significant challenges related to interoperability, performance, security, and compliance. This review provides a comprehensive guide to managing heterogeneous operating systems in hybrid cloud environments. It examines architecture and design principles, workload placement strategies, migration approaches, and deployment automation. Operational management, monitoring, backup, disaster recovery, and security considerations are discussed in detail. Case studies illustrate practical implementations, lessons learned, and measurable business impacts across large and mid-sized enterprises. Emerging trends, including multi-cloud strategies, AI-driven automation, and evolving OS ecosystems, are explored to provide guidance for future-ready hybrid cloud deployments. This article serves as a strategic and technical roadmap for IT leaders, system administrators, and architects aiming to optimize performance, maintain compliance, and achieve operational excellence in multi-OS hybrid cloud infrastructures.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17149919
Unlocking Legacy Value Integrating Unix Systems With Modern Cloud And Linux Workloads
Authors: Deepika Gupta
Abstract: Legacy UNIX systems, including Solaris, AIX, and HP-UX, continue to underpin critical enterprise workloads, yet modern IT demands require integration with Linux and cloud-based platforms. This review examines strategies for unlocking the value of legacy UNIX systems while adopting hybrid cloud and Linux infrastructures. It explores assessment, migration, co-existence, and modernization approaches, emphasizing automation, orchestration, and operational management. Security, compliance, and disaster recovery practices are discussed to ensure reliable and auditable operations across heterogeneous environments. Case studies from large enterprises and mid-sized organizations demonstrate practical implementations, highlighting lessons learned, challenges, and measurable benefits. Emerging trends such as multi-cloud adoption, AI-driven automation, and evolving operating system capabilities are analyzed to guide future-ready integration strategies. This review serves as a strategic and technical roadmap for IT architects, system administrators, and enterprise decision-makers seeking to maximize legacy system value while modernizing operations for scalability, resilience, and innovation.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17149955
The Oracle Linux Advantage Powering Hybrid Infrastructure And Salesforce Crm Deployments
Authors: Suresh Pillai
Abstract: Oracle Linux has emerged as a robust platform for enterprises seeking to optimize hybrid IT infrastructures while supporting Salesforce CRM workloads. This review examines the technical and operational advantages of Oracle Linux, including kernel optimizations, live patching, containerization, and cloud readiness. It explores strategies for deploying and managing Salesforce CRM applications across on-premises and cloud environments, highlighting automation, orchestration, monitoring, and security best practices. Case studies from large and mid-sized enterprises illustrate practical implementations, key lessons learned, and measurable operational benefits. Emerging trends such as multi-cloud adoption, AI-driven automation, and platform enhancements are analyzed to provide guidance for future-ready hybrid architectures. This review serves as a comprehensive roadmap for IT architects, system administrators, and enterprise decision-makers seeking to leverage Oracle Linux for scalable, secure, and efficient Salesforce CRM deployments.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17150001
The Identity Solution A Practical Guide To Ldap/Ad Integration In Multi-Cloud Environments
Authors: Komal Choudhary
Abstract: As enterprises adopt multi-cloud and hybrid infrastructures, identity and access management has become increasingly complex. LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) and Active Directory (AD) remain foundational technologies for centralized authentication, authorization, and user management. This review explores practical strategies for integrating LDAP and AD across heterogeneous cloud and on-premises environments, emphasizing centralized directory management, federation, single sign-on (SSO), and directory synchronization. Automation and orchestration for identity lifecycle management, policy enforcement, and monitoring are examined to ensure operational efficiency and regulatory compliance. Case studies illustrate real-world implementations, lessons learned, and best practices for organizations of varying sizes. Emerging trends such as cloud-native identity services, AI-driven analytics, and Zero Trust security models are discussed to provide guidance for future-ready, secure, and scalable identity frameworks. This review serves as a comprehensive roadmap for IT architects, system administrators, and security teams aiming to optimize LDAP/AD integration in multi-cloud environments.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17150054
An Overview Of Infrastructure-as-Code In Cloud Systems
Authors: Rahul Banerjee
Abstract: Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) has emerged as a foundational practice in modern cloud computing, enabling the automated provisioning, configuration, and management of infrastructure through machine-readable code. This approach replaces manual processes with repeatable and version-controlled workflows, improving consistency, scalability, and deployment speed. This study provides a comprehensive overview of IaC in cloud systems, examining its core principles, tools, and methodologies. It explores widely used IaC frameworks such as Terraform, AWS CloudFormation, and Ansible, highlighting their roles in enabling continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines. The paper also discusses the benefits of IaC, including reduced human error, faster environment provisioning, improved collaboration, and enhanced system reliability. Additionally, it addresses key challenges such as security risks, configuration drift, tool complexity, and governance issues, along with strategies to mitigate them. The findings emphasize that IaC is a critical enabler of DevOps and cloud-native architectures, supporting efficient, scalable, and reliable infrastructure management in dynamic cloud environments.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19647368
A Review Of Modern Software Deployment Architectures
Authors: Arjun Nair
Abstract: Modern software deployment architectures have evolved significantly to meet the growing demands for scalability, reliability, and rapid delivery in today’s digital landscape. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of contemporary deployment models, including monolithic, microservices, containerized, serverless, and hybrid architectures. It examines how advancements in cloud computing, DevOps practices, and continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines have transformed the way applications are built, deployed, and managed. The study highlights the role of container orchestration platforms such as Kubernetes, infrastructure as code (IaC), and automation tools in enabling efficient and consistent deployments across diverse environments. Additionally, it explores key factors such as performance optimization, fault tolerance, scalability, and security considerations in modern deployment strategies. The review also addresses challenges such as system complexity, service coordination, monitoring, and vendor lock-in, along with potential solutions and best practices. Through comparative analysis and real-world use cases, the study emphasizes that selecting the appropriate deployment architecture is critical for achieving operational efficiency and business agility. The findings suggest that modern deployment architectures, when combined with automation and cloud-native principles, provide a robust foundation for building resilient and scalable software systems.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19647380
A Study On Real-Time Data Processing In Distributed Systems
Authors: Meera Iyer
Abstract: Real-time data processing in distributed systems has become a critical capability for modern applications that require immediate insights and rapid decision-making. With the exponential growth of data generated from sources such as IoT devices, social media, financial transactions, and cloud applications, traditional batch processing approaches are no longer sufficient. This study explores the principles, architectures, and technologies that enable real-time data processing in distributed environments. It examines frameworks such as Apache Kafka, Apache Flink, Apache Spark Streaming, and Storm, highlighting their roles in handling high-velocity data streams with low latency and high scalability. The paper also discusses key concepts including stream processing, event-driven architectures, fault tolerance, and data consistency. Additionally, it addresses challenges such as latency management, scalability, data synchronization, and system reliability, along with strategies to overcome them. The study emphasizes the importance of real-time analytics in sectors like healthcare, finance, and e-commerce, where timely insights are crucial. The findings conclude that efficient real-time data processing is essential for building responsive, scalable, and intelligent distributed systems.
DOI: